The number of facilities that conduct case review/audits into maternal death/near miss.

This indicator is calculated as:

* Certain facilities will be too small to conduct their own audits, but may participate in established procedures.

Case review refers to a detailed review of the management of a particular patient or clinical case.

An audit is the systematic and critical analysis of the quality of care. Audit differs from case review because it looks at the whole process of care and at conformity with specified standards of care as part of an iterative cycle of quality improvement (Graham et al., 2000). The different types are as follows:

• Maternal death audits are detailed reviews of the events leading up to a maternal death. The audit may encompass record reviews and staff reports or interviews as well as interviews of relatives/community members;
• Criterion-based audits assess the quality of the clinical management of obstetric complications against defined standards of best practice;
• “Near-miss” audits are performed after the occurrence of a life-threatening event in which a woman is deemed to have nearly died. A “maternal near-miss” is defined as a woman who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy (WHO, 2011).  For more information on near-misses, see Evaluating the quality of care for severe pregnancy complications: The WHO near-miss approach for maternal health.